India is developing a plan to deploy “bodyguard” satellites to protect its orbiting spacecraft after a previously unreported near-miss incident highlighted the risk posed by other nations’ satellites, officials familiar with the matter said.
Close call in orbit raises national security concerns
The incident, which occurred in mid-2024, involved an Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) satellite orbiting at approximately 500–600 km above Earth. A satellite from a neighbouring country came within 1 kilometre of the ISRO spacecraft, which performs tasks including mapping and monitoring objects on the ground that could have military applications.
Although there was no collision, officials described the approach as “unusually close” and possibly a demonstration of capability. The identity of the foreign satellite was not disclosed.
Satellite-protection initiative
In response, the Narendra Modi-led government is working with startups to develop bodyguard satellites capable of detecting and countering threats in orbit. These satellites may include Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology, enabling faster identification of potential threats and allowing technicians on Earth to reposition targeted spacecraft in time.
The initiative is part of a larger plan to expand India’s space-based security capabilities, including a ₹27,000 crore ($3 billion) programme to deploy roughly 50 surveillance satellites, with the first launch expected next year.
Strategic context
India’s push for satellite protection comes amid heightened regional tensions. The country has faced multiple armed conflicts with both Pakistan and China over the last seven decades. While Pakistan operates eight satellites compared with India’s more than 100, China’s space capabilities exceed 930 satellites, raising concerns over its growing influence in space.
Experts have warned that China’s People’s Liberation Army is expanding its satellite network and technological sophistication, prompting India to strengthen its orbital security.
Integration with ground-based systems
The proposed satellite-protection system will complement existing ground-based infrastructure, including radars and telescopes, to provide continuous monitoring. Sudheer Kumar N, former director at ISRO’s Capacity Building Program Office, noted that India currently lacks 24×7 in-orbit tracking but is working with startups to develop such capabilities.
ISRO has previously demonstrated its strategic importance. During the May 2025 conflict with Pakistan, over 400 scientists supported Earth observation and communication satellites to aid national security, ISRO chairman V Narayanan said.
Conclusion
With space becoming increasingly crowded and contested, India’s plans for bodyguard satellites reflect the government’s emphasis on securing its critical assets in orbit. The initiative could provide a significant edge in national security and surveillance, ensuring India is better prepared for future orbital threats.