New Delhi: Three new laws—the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam—will replace the colonial-era Indian Penal Code, Code of Criminal Procedure, and Indian Evidence Act in India from tomorrow (July 1). These reforms aim to modernize India’s criminal justice system, incorporating features like Zero FIR, online registration of complaints, electronic summonses, and mandatory videography of crime scenes for heinous crimes.
Union Home Minister Amit Shah highlighted that these laws prioritize justice over penal action, reflecting Indian ideals and replacing outdated British laws. Key changes include a 45-day limit for delivering judgments post-trial and a 60-day timeframe for framing charges. Statements from rape victims will be recorded by female officers, and organized crimes, terrorism, and treason have been clearly defined. New provisions address crimes such as false promises of marriage, mob lynching, and child trafficking, with severe penalties for gang rape of minors.
The laws streamline the existing 511 sections of the Indian Penal Code into 358 sections by merging overlapping provisions. They introduce the ability to report incidents electronically and file FIRs at any police station, eliminating jurisdictional delays. Arrested individuals can now notify someone of their situation, and arrest details will be publicly displayed for transparency.
Mandatory forensic expert visits for serious crimes, regular case updates for victims, and guaranteed free medical treatment for victims of crimes against women and children enhance the legal process’s transparency and victim support. Summonses and legal documents will be electronically served, and victims and accused individuals will receive essential case documents within 14 days. Witness protection schemes are mandated for all states, and the definition of “gender” now includes transgender individuals, promoting inclusivity. Legal proceedings will be conducted electronically, and vulnerable individuals are exempt from police station visits, ensuring accessibility and convenience.
