The fertility rate in Dakshina Kannada (DK) district has been steadily decreasing over the past two decades, raising alarms among health authorities. From 2% two decades ago, the rate has now dropped to 1.5%, with the most significant decline observed in the last ten years. Despite this downward trend, officials indicate that no reversal is expected in the near future.

Historically known for its high literacy rates and progressive social structure, Dakshina Kannada has seen various socio-economic and cultural factors contributing to this decline. Increased female literacy, greater women’s empowerment, and lifestyle changes, including work-related stress and delayed marriages, are among the leading causes.

Although maternal mortality rates have decreased, health complications like uterine disorders and excessive bleeding continue to affect birth rates. In 2013-14, the district recorded 13,536 male births and 12,527 female births, resulting in a sex ratio of 925 females per 1,000 males. By 2024-25, the numbers shifted to 11,235 male births and 10,587 female births, marginally improving the ratio to 942 females per 1,000 males.

Dr. H.R. Timmaiah, district health officer, noted that a few decades ago, couples typically had three to four children, but now many are opting for just one child, driven by education, economic factors, and lifestyle changes. Dr. Ilyas of Mangaluru pointed out that modern lifestyle habits, such as poor diet, lack of physical activity, and high stress, have also impacted fertility rates.

The declining fertility trend is not unique to Dakshina Kannada, with several districts across Karnataka witnessing similar patterns. Nationally, India’s fertility rate has decreased dramatically from 6.18 children per woman in 1950 to 1.91 in 2021.

Health experts are calling for further research and policy action to address the long-term demographic implications of these trends.