How India Can Protect Itself from the New Mpox Threat

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is emerging as a serious public health threat, with its spread extending from Central Africa to various parts of the world. The latest strain of Mpox poses a particular risk as it approaches India, following reported cases in neighboring Pakistan.

Mpox, caused by the MPXV virus, belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus and is divided into two genetic clades: Clade I and Clade II. Historically, the virus was limited to isolated regions in Africa. However, recent developments have seen a broader dissemination, raising global health concerns.

Dr. Prashant Sinha, Head of Emergency at PSRI Hospital, emphasized the virus’s high transmissibility through close human contact. “Mpox spreads primarily through intimate actions such as touching, hugging, kissing, or sharing personal items like utensils and clothing,” he explained. Additionally, contact with contaminated materials like bedding and towels poses a significant risk.

The virus’s impact extends beyond typical symptoms such as severe rashes and fever. Dr. Praveen Gupta, Principal Director and Chief of Neurology at Fortis Hospital, highlighted the neurological dangers associated with Mpox. “Mpox can cause brain inflammation, leading to severe conditions like encephalitis. It’s crucial to monitor patients with neurological symptoms closely for timely intervention,” Gupta noted.

As India faces the potential threat of Mpox, a multi-faceted approach is essential for effective management and prevention:

Public Awareness Campaigns: Educating the public about Mpox, its symptoms, and modes of transmission is vital. Awareness campaigns can help in early identification and prevention of the disease.
Vaccination Drives: Implementing vaccination programmes could be key to controlling the spread. Exploring and possibly expanding vaccine availability for high-risk populations should be a priority.
Strengthening Healthcare Infrastructure: Enhancing healthcare facilities and training healthcare workers to deal with Mpox cases is critical. This includes ensuring that hospitals are equipped to handle the disease’s specific needs.
Early Detection and Isolation: Prompt identification and isolation of cases can prevent the virus from spreading. Contact tracing and quarantine measures, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), are crucial in controlling outbreaks.
Learning from Past Pandemics: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of preparedness and resilience. India can use these lessons to bolster its response to Mpox.

On Wednesday, the WHO declared a global health emergency due to the rapid spread of malaria in 13 African countries, including Congo. The situation underscores the need for robust international and local responses to emerging health threats like Mpox.

Mpox was first identified in 1958 among research monkeys in Denmark, with the first human case documented in Congo in 1970. The virus began to spread more widely in Africa after the eradication of smallpox in 1980. Its recent resurgence and spread beyond Africa present new challenges for global health.

As Mpox continues to spread, India’s preparedness and response will play a crucial role in preventing the virus from becoming a widespread epidemic. By adopting a comprehensive approach involving public awareness, vaccination, and robust healthcare measures, India can better protect itself against this emerging threat.