New Delhi

India’s dependence on American software, cloud services, and social media platforms poses significant economic and security vulnerabilities, according to a report by the Global Trade Research Initiative (GTRI). The think-tank warned that heavy reliance on foreign digital infrastructure could expose the country to risks if geopolitical tensions escalate.

Concerns over digital dependence

The report pointed out that critical sectors of India’s economy, including banking, defence, governance, and public communication, run on foreign software and platforms. Over 500 million smartphones in India operate on Android, while cloud infrastructure and operating systems are dominated by US-based companies.

According to GTRI, this concentration of control means Washington holds the power to restrict or withdraw access to essential services and data, which could severely disrupt the Indian economy. The use of foreign-owned social media platforms also raises concerns about influence over public discourse and national security.

Digital swaraj mission proposed

To address these risks, GTRI recommended a phased strategy called the Digital Swaraj Mission. The plan suggests a time-bound roadmap to reduce dependence on US platforms and strengthen domestic digital capabilities.

  • Short term (1–2 years): Introduce sovereign cloud hosting for sensitive government data, launch a national operating system programme, and begin migrating ministries to open-source platforms.

  • Medium term (3–5 years): Shift government systems to Indian software and set up public-private partnerships to enhance cybersecurity.

  • Long term (5–7 years): Develop Indian alternatives for cloud infrastructure, reduce foreign operating system use in defence, and create globally competitive network platforms.

    • Global comparisons

    The report highlighted examples from other regions. Europe is already moving towards sovereign cloud systems and stronger digital regulation through frameworks such as the Digital Markets Act. China has systematically replaced foreign software in key sectors with domestic alternatives, showcasing the benefits of digital self-reliance.

    Risks if unaddressed

    Experts warn that failure to reduce dependency could leave India vulnerable to disruptions if global political dynamics shift. Such disruptions could affect financial transactions, defence communications, healthcare systems, and government services. The absence of indigenous platforms also limits India’s ability to compete globally in the digital economy.

    Conclusion

    GTRI’s call for a Digital Swaraj Mission underlines the urgent need for India to build resilient, home-grown technological infrastructure. While the transition will demand major investments, policy changes, and industry collaboration, experts say achieving digital sovereignty is crucial for protecting national interests and securing long-term economic growth.