Hyderabad: India is entering a major demographic transition, with the number of older people rising steadily as fertility declines and life expectancy increases. Telangana is moving through this transition even faster, highlighting the urgent need to prepare for a society in which senior citizens form a much larger share of the population.
Telangana’s elderly population is rising fast
People aged 60 and above accounted for about 11 per cent of Telangana’s population in 2021. The share is projected to reach 17.1 per cent by 2036, according to projections cited in the report. Nationally, the proportion of older people is also expected to rise sharply, reaching around 15 per cent by 2036.
The change has implications far beyond pensions. Healthcare systems will face greater demand for treatment of chronic illnesses, rehabilitation, disability support and long-term care.
Families are facing a new care challenge
Traditional joint-family structures are changing as urbanisation, migration and smaller households become more common. Many older parents now live away from their children, while women who traditionally provided much of the unpaid family care are increasingly part of the workforce.
Very old people are particularly vulnerable. India’s population aged 80 and above is projected to grow by about 279 per cent between 2022 and 2050, with older women facing heightened risks of widowhood, financial insecurity and dependency.
Ageing can also create new opportunities
The challenge also offers an economic opportunity. Demand is likely to grow for nurses, caregivers, physiotherapists, home healthcare, medical devices, insurance and age-friendly housing.
Telangana, with its strengths in healthcare, pharmaceuticals and technology, could develop a strong “silver economy” while creating employment in elder-care services.
Older people should also be seen as contributors rather than dependants. Flexible employment, lifelong learning, volunteering and community participation can help them remain active and valued.
India’s demographic dividend will not last forever. Preparing now for longer lives, dignified ageing and stronger social support could ensure that Telangana’s demographic transition becomes an opportunity rather than a crisis.