Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary in Kannur, Kerala — spanning just 55 sq. km, about twice the size of Central Delhi — is set to become India’s first butterfly-exclusive sanctuary. On June 18, the Kerala State Wildlife Board approved renaming it as Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary, marking a milestone in butterfly conservation.
Home to over 260 butterfly species, Aralam is exceptional not just for its diversity but for the mass migrations that occur each year. Among them is the common albatross, a pale yellow butterfly that travels in swarms of lakhs from the forest’s highlands to the Cheenkanni riverbanks during December–February. Here, males engage in “mudpuddling,” absorbing minerals from moist soil — a mesmerizing sight for any observer.
Since 2000, the Malabar Natural History Society (MNHS) and forest staff have surveyed these migrations annually, recording up to 4 lakh albatrosses in a single day. However, the butterflies’ habitats face threats like illegal sand mining, especially near the riverbanks.
Species like blue tigers, common tigers, and striped tigers also gather in massive numbers during October–November. In 2012, surveys documented branches sagging under the weight of over four lakh danaid butterflies.
Naturalist David Raju calls it “a celebration of butterflies” that has inspired many to become enthusiasts. The new designation promises increased visibility, eco-tourism opportunities, and community-led conservation. Plans include “butterfly villages,” guided nature trails, and festivals for children to foster awareness.