Zinc deficiency higher among Karnataka and Tamil Nadu children: Govt report

Bengaluru: A new report by the Union Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation has revealed worrying levels of zinc deficiency among children in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu — the highest in south India. The Children in India 2025 report, which compiles data from various central and state agencies, highlights the nutritional gaps affecting children aged between 1 and 19 years across the country.

According to the report, 46.8% of children aged 10–19 years in Karnataka suffer from zinc deficiency, closely followed by Tamil Nadu with 46.3%. In comparison, the figures are significantly lower in Telangana (27.9%), Andhra Pradesh (20.6%), and Kerala (17.2%).

Younger children also affected

Among children aged 5–9 years, the deficiency rate in Karnataka stands at 19.8%, while Tamil Nadu records the highest in this age group at 21.8%. For children aged 1–4 years, both states report identical figures at 20.1%. The data underscores a consistent trend of zinc deficiency across all age groups in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

Poor zinc absorption and dietary habits blamed

Health officials attribute the trend to poor dietary absorption and soil quality. Dr Indira Kabade, Deputy Director (Nutrition) at the state health department, explained that the region’s soil is naturally low in zinc and prolonged fertiliser use has worsened the problem. “Zinc deficiency is slightly less among children who consume animal-based foods. A cereal- and vegetable-heavy diet limits zinc absorption,” she said.

Zinc deficiency can lead to stunted growth, weakened immunity, and a higher risk of infections such as diarrhoea and pneumonia. In Bengaluru, doctors are observing cases of brittle nails, appetite loss, and skin issues among children — all potential symptoms of zinc deficiency.

Lack of supplementation in national nutrition plans

Currently, zinc is not included under India’s national nutrition supplementation programmes and is administered only on a therapeutic basis to children showing symptoms. Dr Kabade emphasised the need for a more integrated approach: “Instead of prescribing supplements separately, it’s better to make children’s daily meals nutritionally complete. Departments like education, health, and food supply must collaborate to ensure balanced mid-day meals.”

Expert recommendations

Dr Archana M, consultant paediatrician at Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, noted that zinc loss often occurs during diarrhoea, further aggravating deficiencies. “If a child under five suffers from diarrhoea, we advise zinc supplements for two weeks,” she said, recommending foods like poultry, nuts, and legumes to improve intake naturally.

Comparative zinc deficiency among south Indian states (%)