Karnataka is experiencing extreme heat this year, with temperatures expected to rise sharply between March and May. In response, the Health Department has issued guidelines to help the public, particularly children, outdoor workers, and vulnerable groups, protect themselves from heat-related illnesses.

The advisory recommends avoiding outdoor activities from 12 PM to 3 PM, when the heat is at its peak. Prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures during this period can lead to conditions like fever, headaches, muscle cramps, fatigue, and even more severe health issues such as heatstroke, heart disease, respiratory problems, and kidney issues.

Key Heat-Related Illness Symptoms and Precautions

Symptoms of heat-related illnesses include excessive thirst, nausea, rapid breathing, vomiting, and difficulty urinating. Heatstroke, which is a medical emergency, is characterized by high body temperature, loss of consciousness, and excessive sweating. If someone experiences these symptoms, immediate medical attention should be sought by calling emergency helplines 108 or 102.

To prevent heat-related illnesses, staying hydrated is vital. It’s recommended to drink water regularly and consume oral rehydration solutions (ORS), homemade lemon juice, buttermilk, or fruit juices with a pinch of salt. Eating water-rich foods like watermelon, muskmelon, cucumbers, and tender coconut water can also help maintain hydration levels.

Practical Tips for Protection Against Heat

  • Wear light, loose-fitting cotton clothes to stay cool.
  • Use umbrellas, hats, or traditional coverings when outdoors for protection from direct sunlight.
  • Schedule outdoor activities in the early morning or late evening (before 11 AM or after 4 PM).
  • Ensure proper shading and access to drinking water during public gatherings.
  • Avoid foods that can increase the risk of heat-related issues, such as alcohol, carbonated drinks, and high-protein foods. It’s also important to minimize cooking during peak heat hours.

Certain groups, such as newborns, children, pregnant women, outdoor workers, and those with heart disease or mental health issues, are more vulnerable and require extra care.

Travel & Emergency Measures

Never leave children or pets in parked cars, as temperatures inside vehicles can rise rapidly, creating dangerous conditions. In case of heatstroke, move the affected person to a cool area, apply cold water to their skin, and seek emergency help immediately.

By following these guidelines, individuals can minimize the risk of heat-related illnesses and stay safe during the hot months ahead.

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