Udupi: Scientists identify new diatom species
A team of Indian and international researchers has discovered a new species of diatom, a type of microscopic algae, in the estuarine waters of Udupi, Karnataka. The species, named Climaconeis heteropolaris sp. nov., is notable for its unusual heteropolar (unequal) valve shape, a distinguishing feature among diatoms.
The discovery was made by Dr Radhakrishnan Cheran and Dr Karthick Balasubramanian of the Biodiversity & Paleobiology Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune; Dr Gokul Valsan and Dr Anish Kumar Warrier of the Centre for Climate Studies, Manipal Institute of Technology, MAHE; and Dr John Patrick Kociolek of the University of Colorado, Boulder, USA.
Distinctive features of Climaconeis heteropolaris
Describing the new species, Dr Anish Kumar Warrier told TOI that the diatom’s valves are lanceolate-clavate (club-shaped) with rounded ends, slightly broader in the middle and tapering towards the tips. They measure 76.5–120.5 µm in length and 9.5–14.5 µm in width, with intricate striae—fine lines that radiate near the centre, run parallel in the middle, and converge at the tips.
A rectangular stauros (cross-like band) spans the valve, flanked by short striae, while areolae (microscopic pores) range from round to elongated. A straight raphe (slit) forms a distinctive ‘tuning fork’ pattern at the centre. Scanning electron microscope images reveal a largely flat valve surface with a gently curved mantle. Internally, the raphe is supported by longitudinal ribs and a raised stauros, with distal ends showing a unique ‘porte-crayon’ feature.
The species was collected from the estuarine zone where the Sita and Swarna rivers merge before entering the Arabian Sea near Udupi.
Ecological and scientific significance
Diatoms are single-celled algae found in oceans, rivers, and lakes. Renowned for their intricate silica cell walls (frustules), they exhibit an extraordinary variety of shapes and patterns. Diatoms form the foundation of aquatic food webs and contribute to nearly one-fourth of the global oxygen supply. Their fossilised remains are also valuable for climate and environmental reconstructions.
Dr Warrier highlighted that the discovery underscores both the rich biodiversity of India’s coastlines and the urgent need to document it, as many species remain undiscovered and are threatened by pollution and other human activities.
Conclusion
The identification of Climaconeis heteropolaris adds to the growing knowledge of India’s aquatic ecosystems and provides important insights for ecological studies, climate research, and conservation efforts along the country’s coastlines