With Washington’s traditional security guarantee appearing conditional under Donald Trump’s leadership, Europe is actively reconsidering its defensive options. The continent’s focus is shifting toward its own nuclear capabilities, relying on France and the UK instead of the unpredictable American safeguard.

French President Emmanuel Macron has reignited discussions about extending France’s nuclear deterrent to cover European partners. Germany’s incoming Chancellor Friedrich Merz and Poland’s Prime Minister Donald Tusk have both voiced openness to such collaboration. Even historically anti-nuclear nations like Sweden and Denmark are warming up to the concept.

Macron has hinted at allowing European allies to participate in France’s classified nuclear drills, aiming to familiarize them with decision-making processes. However, he firmly insists that the authority to authorize a nuclear strike will remain exclusively under French control.

While the UK hasn’t proposed expanding its nuclear umbrella, its deterrent still operates under NATO’s umbrella, indirectly protecting European allies. Britain’s own defense strategy is under review, with Prime Minister Keir Starmer pledging the largest military spending boost since the Cold War.

Though France’s 290 nuclear warheads and Britain’s 225 Trident missiles are dwarfed by Russia’s vast stockpile, experts underline that effective deterrence isn’t just about numbers. Strengthening conventional forces, enhancing cooperation, and proving operational credibility are crucial.

Meanwhile, the US has kept symbolic ties, recently flying nuclear-capable bombers over Sweden and possibly redeploying warheads to the UK. Yet, Trump’s transactional approach leaves Europe increasingly uncertain about America’s long-term commitment.