Kathmandu: Protests triggered by social media restrictions spiral into nationwide unrest
Nepal witnessed unprecedented youth-led demonstrations over the past three days, as widespread protests escalated into violent clashes, jailbreaks, and political turmoil. The unrest, spearheaded largely by Generation Z, began on 8 September after the government banned 26 social media platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and X, citing failure to register under new regulations.
Anger over censorship turns to wider discontent
The ban acted as a flashpoint for simmering frustrations among young Nepalis who have long voiced concerns about unemployment, corruption, and nepotism in the political establishment. Tens of thousands poured into the streets of Kathmandu, Biratnagar, Pokhara, Bharatpur, and other cities, chanting slogans and demanding systemic reforms.
Security forces responded with tear gas, rubber bullets, and, in some cases, live rounds. By Tuesday night, at least 19 protestors had lost their lives, and hundreds more, including police personnel, were injured.
Government backtracks but protests continue
Under pressure, the government swiftly lifted the ban on all 26 platforms, hoping to calm tempers. However, the demonstrations expanded beyond censorship issues, with protestors demanding deeper reforms and accountability.
Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli announced his resignation late on 9 September, acknowledging that his administration had lost public confidence. His departure has plunged the nation into political uncertainty.
Violence spreads across Nepal
The protests have not remained peaceful. Demonstrators attacked government buildings, torched official residences, and even set fire to parts of the parliament and Supreme Court premises. In a dramatic escalation, several prisons were stormed, resulting in the escape of more than 3,000 inmates.
The Nepali Army was deployed to enforce curfews, secure vital infrastructure, and restore order. Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu was shut temporarily, forcing multiple flights to divert to India’s Lucknow.
Spillover effects and regional concerns
The unrest has raised alarm along the India–Nepal border. Security has been heightened in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh to prevent cross-border movement of escaped inmates. Indian authorities have also launched efforts to evacuate citizens stranded in Kathmandu and other affected areas.
Despite the government’s backtrack on the ban, the youth movement remains steadfast. Many see the protests as a turning point for Nepal’s political future, signalling that young voices are no longer willing to be silenced.
Outlook
With Oli’s resignation, Nepal faces both a political vacuum and mounting security challenges. Whether the next government can address long-standing frustrations of the youth and restore stability remains uncertain. For now, the Gen Z-led movement has altered the political landscape, highlighting the growing power of Nepal’s younger generation.