Kathmandu
Nepal witnessed widespread unrest this week as thousands of young citizens, led largely by Generation Z, took to the streets in protest against the government’s ban on social media platforms and deep-rooted corruption. The demonstrations, which turned violent in Kathmandu and other major cities, marked the most significant youth-led movement in the country in recent years.
Ban on social media sparks anger
The protests erupted after the government announced a sweeping ban on 26 popular social media platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, WhatsApp and X (formerly Twitter), citing non-compliance with new registration rules. Authorities argued the move was aimed at protecting national security and curbing cybercrime, but critics denounced it as an attack on free expression.
For many young Nepalis, who rely heavily on social media for communication, education and employment opportunities, the ban was seen as both repressive and out of touch with modern realities. The issue tapped into broader frustrations over corruption and misgovernance, fuelling the anger that spilled onto the streets.
Youth-driven demonstrations
In Kathmandu, protesters gathered at Maitighar Mandala and New Baneshwor, waving national flags, chanting slogans and singing the national anthem. Placards carried messages such as “Stop corruption, not social media” and “Our voices cannot be silenced.” Students in school and college uniforms formed a major part of the demonstrations, underscoring the generational divide between citizens and the ruling establishment.
Eyewitnesses reported that while the protests were largely initiated by young people, they drew participation from older generations as well, reflecting shared discontent with political leadership.
Escalation into violence
The initially peaceful demonstrations escalated when some protesters attempted to march towards the Parliament complex. Security forces responded with tear gas, water cannons and rubber bullets. In some areas, reports suggested that live ammunition was also used. The Nepal Army was deployed to restore order, and curfews were imposed in parts of the capital.
Casualty figures varied across reports, with estimates ranging between 10 and 19 deaths. Dozens of others were injured, including police personnel. Human rights groups expressed concern over the heavy-handed response, warning that it risked further inflaming tensions.
Government’s defence
Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli defended the government’s decision, insisting that the ban was necessary to tackle misinformation, fake identities and online fraud. The administration argued that unregulated platforms posed risks to sovereignty and stability.
However, critics accused the government of exploiting security concerns as a cover for stifling dissent and avoiding accountability. The protests have brought renewed scrutiny of corruption scandals and inefficiencies in governance that have plagued Nepal for decades.
Broader impact
The protests paralysed daily life in Kathmandu, with businesses shuttered and public transport disrupted. Tourism, a vital sector of Nepal’s economy, also took a hit as curfews and violence deterred visitors. Across the India–Nepal border, authorities increased security amid concerns of spillover unrest.
Analysts noted that this youth-led mobilisation has the potential to reshape Nepal’s political landscape, especially if the movement sustains momentum. It has highlighted a growing generational demand for transparency, accountability and greater freedom of expression.
Conclusion
The protests in Nepal underscore a deeper struggle between a digitally connected youth population and a political leadership accused of corruption and authoritarian tendencies. Whether the government eases restrictions or doubles down on its ban will determine the trajectory of the crisis. For now, the unrest has brought into focus the aspirations of a new generation unwilling to accept curbs on their freedoms.