Acetaminophen, one of the most widely consumed painkillers globally, is known for its ability to alleviate pain. However, a 2020 study suggests it may have more significant effects, potentially increasing risk-taking behavior. Also known as paracetamol and commonly marketed as Tylenol or Panadol, acetaminophen is consumed by millions, with nearly 25% of the US population taking it each week. Researchers suggest that the drug might reduce people’s perception of risk and make them more likely to engage in risky activities.
Neuroscientist Baldwin Way, who conducted the study at The Ohio State University, explains that acetaminophen lowers negative emotions associated with risky choices, making people feel less fearful. The study further suggests that acetaminophen could influence emotional and cognitive processes by dulling the ability to feel hurt or experience empathy.
In a controlled experiment with over 500 university students, Way’s team gave participants either a 1,000 mg dose of acetaminophen or a placebo. Participants then performed a balloon-popping game designed to simulate risk-taking behavior. Results showed that those who took acetaminophen pumped the balloon more times, risking the balloon bursting and losing imaginary money, compared to those who received the placebo.
Additionally, surveys revealed that acetaminophen users perceived lower risks in various hypothetical situations, including activities like bungee jumping or driving without a seatbelt.
While the effects observed in the study were mild, the researchers suggest that acetaminophen could alter anxiety levels, further influencing risk perceptions. Despite these findings, the researchers call for more investigation into the psychological and biological mechanisms behind acetaminophen’s impact on behavior.
As one of the most important and widely used drugs in the world, acetaminophen’s effect on risk perception could have broad societal implications, warranting further research to understand its potential effects on decision-making.