Each year, billions of disposable menstrual products are discarded, contributing significantly to environmental pollution. In the U.S., approximately 20 billion single-use items are thrown away, and globally, disposable pads—which often contain 90% plastic—are the leading cause of waste. In search of eco-friendly alternatives, many individuals are now turning to reusable options like menstrual cups, period pants, and washable pads.
A comprehensive life-cycle assessment of various period products revealed that menstrual cups are the most environmentally-friendly choice, followed by period underwear and reusable pads. Menstrual cups, made of flexible silicone or rubber, can be used for up to 10 years, minimizing waste and their environmental footprint. On the other hand, period pants require some energy and water for cleaning but are still far more sustainable than single-use pads.
While reusable pads are a viable option, they tend to have a larger environmental impact due to frequent washing. Despite their eco-friendly credentials, organic cotton pads also fared poorly in the study due to the higher environmental cost of organic farming.
However, the most sustainable option depends on individual needs. Combining products—for example, using a menstrual cup or period pants during the day and eco-friendly disposable pads when necessary—can significantly reduce environmental harm. In conclusion, the most sustainable choice varies from person to person, but small adjustments can lead to a more eco-conscious period.
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