Weight-loss drugs such as Ozempic, Wegovy and Mounjaro have transformed obesity treatment worldwide, helping people achieve significant weight reduction. However, medical experts warn that these medications are not a shortcut to long-term health and require careful nutritional planning and regular exercise.
Dr Narendra BS, Lead Consultant in Endocrinology and Diabetology at Aster Whitefield Hospital, Bengaluru, says the growing popularity of GLP-1 medications has raised important questions about their long-term effects, particularly among Indian patients.
Muscle loss and nutrient deficiencies a major concern
According to Dr Narendra, appetite suppression caused by GLP-1 drugs can result in lower protein intake, increasing the risk of muscle loss, fatigue and micronutrient deficiencies. This concern is especially relevant in India, where many diets are already low in protein.
He emphasised that adequate protein consumption through pulses, dairy products, eggs or lean meat is essential while using these medications.
Strength training plays a crucial role
Experts recommend resistance or strength training at least three times a week to help preserve muscle mass and support bone health. Rapid weight loss can reduce bone density, particularly among individuals over 40 and those already at risk of osteoporosis.
Strength training helps ensure that weight loss comes primarily from fat rather than muscle, improving long-term health outcomes.
Not a permanent solution on their own
While GLP-1 drugs are highly effective, many patients regain weight after stopping treatment. Doctors stress that lasting results depend on sustainable lifestyle changes, including healthy eating habits, physical activity and behavioural modifications.
Potential side effects such as nausea, gallstones, dehydration and, in rare cases, pancreatitis also require medical supervision throughout treatment.
Health experts advise individuals considering these medications to consult qualified healthcare professionals and view them as part of a broader weight-management strategy rather than a standalone solution.