As Indian cities continue to experience rising temperatures and prolonged heatwaves, experts are encouraging homeowners to turn to balcony and terrace gardens as a natural way to reduce indoor heat and improve living conditions.

Research has shown that plants cool their surroundings through evapotranspiration, a process in which moisture released from leaves absorbs heat from the surrounding air as it evaporates.

Studies show noticeable cooling effect

A study published in Energy and Buildings found that a combination of potted plants and living walls on balconies reduced indoor temperatures by up to 2.5°C, while balcony surface temperatures dropped by as much as 5.5°C.

Another study conducted in Greater Noida revealed that terrace gardens could reduce ceiling temperatures by 5°C to 7°C during summer, helping homes remain significantly cooler.

Experts say such reductions can lower dependence on air conditioners and improve overall comfort during extreme weather.

Native plants offer better results

Garden designer Dipti Agarwal advises homeowners to prioritise native and hardy plant species over decorative exotic varieties.

She notes that plants with broad leaves, dense foliage and deep root systems provide greater cooling benefits by creating shade, improving airflow and releasing moisture into the environment.

Species such as Hibiscus, Parijat, Son Champa, Nag Champa, Ixora, Kaner, lemon plants and curry leaf trees are among the recommended options for sunny balconies and terraces.

Create natural green walls

Experts also recommend using trellises and vertical gardens to maximise greenery in limited spaces. Fast-growing climbers such as Madhumalti, Aparajita, Chameli and Thunbergia can form natural green curtains that help block direct sunlight.

Layered planting, similar to forest ecosystems, can further enhance cooling by creating overlapping canopies that filter sunlight before it reaches walls and floors.

A simple solution to urban heat

While balcony gardens cannot completely replace air conditioning during peak summer, experts believe they can significantly reduce heat buildup and improve indoor comfort.

Beyond cooling benefits, such gardens also support biodiversity, improve air quality and add aesthetic value to urban homes, making them a practical solution for residents seeking relief from rising temperatures