Tamil Nadu’s wetlands have long attracted attention for hosting thousands of migratory birds each year. However, fresh state-wide surveys have revealed that the state’s forests, scrublands and grasslands are quietly playing an equally important role in protecting some of India’s most threatened bird species.

The Tamil Nadu Forest Department recently released findings from its Synchronised Bird Survey 2025-26, covering both wetland and terrestrial habitats across the state.

Rare and threatened species recorded

The wetland survey covered 1,005 water bodies across all 38 districts and recorded more than six lakh birds belonging to 393 species. Meanwhile, the terrestrial survey documented 391 bird species across 1,108 locations.

Researchers identified dozens of species listed as threatened on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. Among them were rare birds such as the Nilgiri Laughingthrush and the Sri Lankan Frogmouth.

Hope for India’s disappearing vultures

One of the most significant findings came from Tamil Nadu’s first dedicated raptor assessment, conducted by the Tamil Nadu Raptor Research Foundation.

The survey recorded 51 species of birds of prey, including three critically endangered vultures — the White-rumped Vulture, Indian Vulture and Red-headed Vulture.

These species were found in forest regions including Sathyamangalam, Masinagudi, Coimbatore and Udhagai. Conservationists say the Nilgiris-Eastern Ghats landscape is now among the last major strongholds for vultures in southern India.

Open landscapes prove equally important

The survey also challenged the belief that birds of prey thrive mainly in dense forests. Several eagle species, including Steppe Eagles and Tawny Eagles, were found in grasslands, scrublands and agricultural landscapes.

Experts warn that these open habitats are increasingly threatened by development despite being crucial feeding grounds for both resident and migratory birds.

A roadmap for conservation

The surveys provide Tamil Nadu with its most comprehensive bird database to date, helping scientists monitor population trends and conservation priorities.

The findings underline a simple message: protecting forests, grasslands and scrub habitats is essential if endangered birds, especially vultures, are to survive and thrive in the years ahead.