LISBON: The Portuguese Parliament on Friday (October 18, 2025) passed a controversial bill banning the wearing of burqas and niqabs in public places, sparking heated debate across the country. The legislation, introduced by the right-wing Chega party, was approved with the support of other conservative blocs, despite strong opposition from left-wing MPs who called it discriminatory and unnecessary.
New law imposes heavy fines and penalties
Under the new legislation, individuals found wearing a burqa or niqab in public could face fines ranging from 200 to 4,000 euros (approximately ₹20,000 to ₹4 lakh). In addition, anyone found forcing another person to wear a burqa may face up to three years of imprisonment.
Authorities stated that the law aims to ensure public safety and promote equality. However, critics argue that it unfairly targets Muslim women and infringes on religious freedom.
If the bill is enacted into law, Portugal will join other European nations — including France, Austria, Belgium, and the Netherlands — that have already implemented full or partial bans on face coverings in public spaces.
Exceptions and presidential review pending
The new rule allows exceptions in specific contexts such as aeroplanes, religious places, and embassies, where wearing the burqa or niqab will still be permitted. The legislation now awaits approval from President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, who holds the authority to either sign the bill into law, block it, or refer it to the Constitutional Court for review.
Legal experts note that the President’s decision could significantly influence Portugal’s stance on the intersection between secularism and religious expression.
Heated debate in Parliament
The passage of the bill followed a tense parliamentary debate marked by sharp exchanges between right-wing and left-wing lawmakers. Andre Ventura, leader of the Chega party, argued that the ban was necessary to promote transparency, security, and gender equality in public spaces.
However, several left-wing and feminist MPs condemned the bill, saying it stigmatizes Muslim women and misrepresents the idea of women’s liberation.
“This rule is for equality between men and women. No one should be forced to cover their faces,” said Andreia Neto, a ruling party MP, defending the law as a step toward women’s empowerment.
Opposition MP Mariana Mortágua countered, “The government should protect women’s freedom of choice — including their right to wear what they wish — rather than legislate how they dress.”
Broader European context
Portugal’s move adds to a growing list of European countries tightening regulations on face coverings. France was the first to impose a nationwide ban in 2011, followed by Belgium, Austria, Denmark, and the Netherlands. Supporters argue such measures reinforce secular values and public safety, while critics claim they marginalize Muslim communities and violate human rights conventions.
Human rights groups have urged Portugal to reconsider the legislation, warning that it could lead to increased discrimination and social alienation among Muslim minorities, who make up less than 1% of the country’s population.
As the debate continues, the final outcome now depends on President de Sousa’s decision — one that could determine whether Portugal joins the list of European nations with official burqa bans.