Kathmandu, Nepal – In September 2025, Nepal descended into chaos as Gen Z-led protests over a sudden ban on 26 social media platforms escalated into deadly clashes. Demonstrators, frustrated with censorship and corruption, took to the streets in massive numbers, prompting the deployment of the army to restore order. Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli resigned amid the turmoil, but the political situation remains unstable as calls grow for a transitional government.
Social media ban ignites widespread anger and unrest
The crisis began when the government swiftly banned major platforms such as Facebook, X, YouTube, and WhatsApp for failing to register under new proposed regulations. Rights groups denounced the move as authoritarian censorship. The ban triggered nationwide protests, with slogans like “Shut down corruption, not social media” becoming rallying cries. Demonstrations were especially intense in Kathmandu, where protesters stormed government buildings.
Demonstrations spiral into violence and tragedy
What began as peaceful activism quickly devolved into violence. Security forces responded with tear gas, rubber bullets, and live ammunition. By many accounts, at least 19 protesters were killed, and hundreds more were injured as the confrontation intensified. Government buildings, media offices, and the properties of prominent politicians were set ablaze, marking one of the most violent episodes in Nepal’s recent history.
Military takes control as curfews and leadership change follow
With the situation spiralling, the Nepal Army was deployed and imposed indefinite curfews in Kathmandu and other cities. Soldiers patrolled the streets, lifted people from their homes, and took over to prevent further chaos. Army helicopters evacuated ministers, and negotiations began at military headquarters with protesters proposing Sushila Karki, a former chief justice, as a potential interim leader. Meanwhile, PM K.P. Sharma Oli resigned, though continued in a caretaker capacity; the power vacuum and urgent demands for change remain.
Youth wage protest against corruption and elitism
What distinguished these protests was the prominent leadership by Gen Z. Young Nepalese, already frustrated with political corruption, youth unemployment, and nepotism (mocking elites as “nepo kids”), formed a formidable grassroots movement. They called for genuine democratic reform and an end to entrenched privilege.
Political fallout and uncertain path ahead
The violent unrest has pushed Nepal into uncharted territory. The caretaker government faces a serious legitimacy crisis, while youth anxieties over freedom of expression, economic prospects, and corruption remain unresolved. The military’s intervention and the appointment of a transitional leader suggest a delicate path forward. Restoring stability will require dialogue with Gen Z activists, political reform, and accountability.